Volume 10 Issue 1

Waist Circumference as a Cardiometabolic Vital Sign: A Translational Framework for Early Detection and Prevention of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Primary Care

Monika Moni
Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common obesity-related complication that often develops before symptoms. Body mass index (BMI) poorly captures visceral adiposity, the metabolically active fat linked to cardiometabolic dysfunction, myocardial remodeling, and diastolic dysfunction. Waist circumference (WC) is a simple, inexpensive surrogate but remains underused.
Objectives: This review summarizes evidence linking central adiposity to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and HFpEF and proposes a practical framework for integrating WC into routine vitals to enable earlier risk stratification and prevention.

Reframing Type 2 Diabetes as Cardiometabolic Disease: A Five-phenotype Model Beyond Glycated Hemoglobin

Peter A. Goulden
Type 2 diabetes has traditionally been framed as a disorder of hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance (IR) and progressive beta-cell failure. That model remains biologically useful, but it is clinically incomplete.

Right Hepatic Lobe Herniation after Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Case Report

Valerio Massimo Magro, Lucia Cicchi, Andrea Sorbino, Carmelo Pirri and Calogero Foti

Sleeve gastrectomy is a vertical gastric resection with tubulation of the residual stomach. It is an irreversible procedure, which causes a marked reduction in appetite and early satiety, with consequent significant weight loss (>70% excess weight).