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Waist Circumference as a Cardiometabolic Vital Sign: A Translational Framework for Early Detection and Prevention of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Primary Care

Monika Moni
Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common obesity-related complication that often develops before symptoms. Body mass index (BMI) poorly captures visceral adiposity, the metabolically active fat linked to cardiometabolic dysfunction, myocardial remodeling, and diastolic dysfunction. Waist circumference (WC) is a simple, inexpensive surrogate but remains underused.
Objectives: This review summarizes evidence linking central adiposity to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) and HFpEF and proposes a practical framework for integrating WC into routine vitals to enable earlier risk stratification and prevention.

Reframing Type 2 Diabetes as Cardiometabolic Disease: A Five-phenotype Model Beyond Glycated Hemoglobin

Peter A. Goulden
Type 2 diabetes has traditionally been framed as a disorder of hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance (IR) and progressive beta-cell failure. That model remains biologically useful, but it is clinically incomplete.

Right Hepatic Lobe Herniation after Sleeve Gastrectomy: A Case Report

Valerio Massimo Magro, Lucia Cicchi, Andrea Sorbino, Carmelo Pirri and Calogero Foti

Sleeve gastrectomy is a vertical gastric resection with tubulation of the residual stomach. It is an irreversible procedure, which causes a marked reduction in appetite and early satiety, with consequent significant weight loss (>70% excess weight).

Effectiveness of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes vs Metabolic Surgery for Weight Loss Achievement

Lorena Maggiorani, Fabio Antonio Esposito, Sofia Maldonado, Monica Guerrero Gutierrez, Juliana Usta, Sol Ochoa, Maria Ximena Arteaga Pichardo, Felipe Bernate and Luis Gustavo Celis Regalado
The purpose of this literature review is to investigate the effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) compared with metabolic surgery in achieving weight loss among individuals living with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus.

Outpatient Sleeve Gastrectomy Leak Rates and Their Management

Vítor Patrício Correia, Olavo Costa Gomes, Raquel Lalanda, Pedro Marques, Filipa Nogueira, Carlos Noronha Ferreira and Luís Miranda

Introduction:

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is now a widely performed bariatric procedure; however, staple‐line leaks remain a challenging adverse event. This study evaluates leak rates, management strategies, and weight loss outcomes after ambulatory laparoscopic SG.

The Rising Tide of Obesity and Diabetes: A Review of Global Trends and Risk Factors

Greeshma Rao Koduru, Sankari Menon and Bhavita Tella
The alarming global increase in obesity and diabetes has become a critical public health concern, demanding urgent attention. This review seeks to explore the accelerating trends of these interconnected conditions and evaluate the major contributing risk factors. The purpose is to provide a synthesized understanding of their mutual reinforcement and global burden, highlighting implications for prevention and control.

Obesity Management: Interventions, Anti-Obesity Drugs, Efficacy, Long-term use, Association with Eating Disorders, and Role of Gender-Socio-Economic Barriers

Saumya Lakshman Gaddalay, Royyuru Kesavi Seshu Priya, Sathvika Reddy Mittapally, Saipriya Thota and Afla Subhana

Obesity management involves a comprehensive approach that combines lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and, in some cases, surgical procedures to address the complex and multifactorial nature of the condition.

Genetic Obesity: The Current Treatment Options

Aanchal Sareen, Kota Amarnadh Reddy, Rishabh Parihar and Ramireddy Sulekha

A genetic predisposition and environment interact to cause obesity, which results from impaired central control of body weight. The presence of genetic factors is predominant in the development and progression of genetic obesity, including monogenic obesities and syndromic obesity.

Prescribing Patterns of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Comorbid Conditions of Cardiovascular Disease, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Obesity

Dunnya Salem, Vincent Ekenga and Christine Ekenga
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic condition which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite these risks, many people with diabetes do not meet treatment goals and thus remain at increased risk of mortality and morbidity associated with diabetes.

Effects of Diaphragmatic Mobilization Techniques on Respiratory Functions, Respiratory Muscle Strength and Resting Metabolic Rate in Obese Individuals

Solmaz Ali and Neslihan Duruturk
With increasing life expectancy and increasing population, obesity-related diseases getting more common becomes an inevitable issue. Effects of diaphragmatic mobilization methods applied to obese individuals to relief respiratory problems are unknown.

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